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Biotech Basics: Restriction Enzymes

What are restriction enzymes? Restriction endonucleases (also known as restriction enzymes) act like molecular scissors, cutting double-stranded DNA at specific sequences.  They are produced by many species of bacteria to protect themselves from invading viral DNA.  The utility of restriction…

Using the ELISA to Detect West Nile Virus

Looking for a way to keep your immunology or virology lessons fresh?  Consider teaching the lesson from a biomedical diagnostic point of view!  Here, we describe how the West Nile Virus can be used to teach the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (or ELISA). What…

Biotech Basics: A Plasmid Primer

What are plasmids?  In 1952, Nobel Prize Winner Joshua Lederberg introduced the term ‘plasmid’, a double-stranded, circular DNA molecule that naturally exists in bacterial cells and some eukaryotes (Fig. 1). Plasmids have been used by molecular biologists to study, analyze,…